{"id":9208,"date":"2023-08-16T16:25:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T16:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dialtous.com\/?p=9208"},"modified":"2023-08-19T09:46:20","modified_gmt":"2023-08-19T09:46:20","slug":"arn-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/arn-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"ARN l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>ARN l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>ARN (axit rib\u00f4nucl\u00eaic) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C, H, O, N, P.<\/li>\n<li>ARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111a ph\u00e2n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit A, U, G, X t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ARN, mang t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/h2>\n<h3>I. ARN<\/h3>\n<h4>1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h4>\n<p>a. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ARN (axit rib\u00f4nucl\u00eaic) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C, H, O, N, P.<\/li>\n<li>ARN l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111a ph\u00e2n, v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit A, U, G, X. T\u1eeb 4 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho ARN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>b. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ARN trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: mARN (ARN mang th\u00f4ng tin), tARN (ARN v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 rARN (ARN t\u1ea1o rib\u00f4x\u00f4m).<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ADN, ARN ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m 1 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u00e1c Nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN (Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean m\u00e3\/sao m\u00e3)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN di\u1ec5n ra trong nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c NST \u1edf k\u00ec trung gian \u0111ang \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i m\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean NTBS, trong \u0111\u00f3 A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi U tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c, T li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi A tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c, G li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi X v\u00e0 X li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi G.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enzym ARN p\u00f4limeraza b\u00e1m v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 l\u00e0m gen th\u00e1o xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ra m\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u 3\u2019 \u2192 5\u2019 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p mARN t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i ARN:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enzym ARN p\u00f4limeraza tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c tr\u00ean gen c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u 3\u2019 \u2192 5\u2019 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung:\n<ul>\n<li>Ag\u1ed1c &#8211; Um\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>Tg\u1ed1c &#8211; Am\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>Gg\u1ed1c &#8211; Xm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>Xg\u1ed1c &#8211; Gm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3. K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi enzym di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i gen v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean m\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean m\u00e3 xong s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng xo\u1eafn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN t\u1eeb gen, ARN tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p pr\u00f4t\u00eain ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u1ed1 rib\u00f4nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<li>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 rib\u00f4nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ARN: M = rN x 300 \u0111vC.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ri b\u00f4 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit: P = rN &#8211; 1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ARN c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m ARN c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp Sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ADN l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i ADN.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ADN c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m ADN c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Protein l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Protein.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 Protein c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m Protein c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 Sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c qui lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: Di truy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng di truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: Sinh th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u0103n SALE shopee th\u00e1ng 7:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>S\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ec3 Vaseline ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 40k\/chai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Tsubaki 199k\/3 chai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>L&#8217;Oreal mua 1 t\u1eb7ng 3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>H\u01a1n 20.000 c\u00e2u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m To\u00e1n, V\u0103n, Anh l\u1edbp 9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ARN l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN ARN (axit rib\u00f4nucl\u00eaic) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C, H, O, N, P. ARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111a ph\u00e2n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit A, U, G, X t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ARN, mang t\u00ednh \u0111a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9208"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9208"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11692,"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9208\/revisions\/11692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialtous.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}